{"title":"Law","description":null,"products":[{"product_id":"investment-and-human-rights-in-armed-conflict-charting-an-elusive-intersection-9781509946143","title":"Investment and Human Rights in Armed Conflict: Charting an Elusive Intersection","description":"This book analyses the way in which international human rights law (IHRL) and international investment law (IIL) are deployed - or fail to be deployed - in conflict countries within the context of natural resources extraction. It specifically analyses the way in which IIL protections impact on the parallel protection of economic, social and cultural rights (ESC rights) in the host state, especially the right to water. Arguing that current responses have been unsatisfactory, it considers the emergence of the 'Protect, Respect and Remedy' framework and the Guiding Principles for Business and Human Rights (jointly the Framework) as a possible analytical instrument. 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TEXTES FONDAMENTAUX A. AMENDEMENTS AU REGLEMENT DE LA COUR EUROPEENNE DES DROITS DE L'HOMME 3 B. AMENDEMENTS AU REGLEMENT INTERIEUR DE LA COMMISSION EUROPEENNE DES DROITS DE L'HOMME 3 C. DECLARATIONS D'ACCEPTATION DE LA COMPETENCE DE LA COM- MISSION EUROPEENNE DES DROITS DE L'HOMME EN MATIERE DE REQUETES INDIVIDUELLES (Article 25 de la Convention) Autriche 9 Belgique II Italle II D. DECLARATIONS D'ACCEPTATION DE LA JURIDICTION OBLIGATOIRE DE LA COUR EUROPEENNE DES DROITS DE L'HOMME (Article 46 de la Convention) Autriche 13 Belgique 13 Italie 15 E. DECLARATIONS D'ACCEPTATION DE LA COMPETENCE DE LA COM- MISSION EUROPEENNE DES DROITS DE L'HOMME EN MATIERE DE REQUETES INDIVIDUELLES ET DE LA JURIDICTION OBLIGATOIRE DE LA COUR EUROPEENNE DES DROITS DE L'HOMME VISEES A L' AR- TICLE 6, PARAGRAPHE 2 DU PROTOCOLE NO 4 A LA CONVENTION EUROPEENNE Autriche 15 F. DEROGATIONS (Article 15 de la Convention) Turquie 17 ANNEXES Etat des Ratifications, Declarations et Reserves au 31 dec- bre 1973 32 Etat des Depots des Ratifications au 31 decembre 1973 35 VIII TABLE OF CONTENTS CHAPTER II. THE EUROPEAN COMMISSION OF HUMAN RIGHTS A. COMPOSITION B. BIOGRAPHICAL NOTES C. PROCEEDINGS D. SECRETARIAT CHAPTER III. THE EUROPEAN COURT OF HUMAN RIGHTS A. COMPOSITION 54 B. BIOGRAPHICAL NOTES 54 C. SESSIONS AND HEARINGS 58 D. REGISTRY OF THE COURT 58 CHAPTER IV. 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TEXTES FONDAMENTAUX A. DECLARATIONS D'ACCEPTATION DE LA COMPETENCE DE LA COMMISSION EUROPEENNE DES DROITS DE L'HOMME EN MATIERE DE REQUETES INDIVI- DUELLES (Article 25 de la Convention) 3 Danemark 3 Norvege 3 Royaume-Uni 5 B. DECLARATIONS D'ACCEPTATION DE LA JURIDICTION OBLIGATOIRE DE LA COUR EUROPEENNE DES DROITS DE L'HOMME (Article 46 de la Convention) 7 Danemark 7 Norvege 9 Royaume-Uni 9 C. DECLARATIONS D'ACCEPTATION DE LA COMPETENCE DE LA COMMISSION EUROPEENNE DES DROITS DE L'HOMME EN MATIERE DE REQUETES INDIVI- DUELLES ET DE LA JURIDICTION OBLIGATOIRE DE LA COUR EUROPEENNE DES DROITS DE L'HOMME VISEES A L'ARTICLE 6, PARAGRAPHE 2, DU PROTO- COLE N\" 4 A LA CONVENTION EUROPEENNE 13 Danemark 13 Norvege 15 D. DEROGATIONS (Article 15 de la Convention) 17 Turquie 17 ANNEXES - Etat des Ratifications, Declarations et Reserves au 31 decembre 1972 28 - Etat des Depots des Ratifications 31 CHAPITRE II. LA COMMISSION EUROPEENNE DES DROITS DE L'HOMME 33 A. COMPOSITION 35 B. NOTICES BIOGRAPHIQUES C. TRAVALJX DE LA COMMISSION 35 41 D. SECRETARIAT VJII TABLE OF CONTENTS CHAPTER III. THE EUROPEAN COCRT OF HCMAN RIGHTS A COMPOSITION 44 B BIOGRAPHICAL NOTES 44 C SESSIONS AND HEARINGS 46 D REGISTRY OF THE COL'RT 48 CHAPTER IV. PRINCIPAL DEVELOPMENTS IN THE COUNCIL OF EUROPE CONCERNING THE PROTECTION OF HUMAN RIGHTS . 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Why do men accused of sexism inevitably talk about how they love their wife and daughters? Why do colleges and corporations alike photoshop people of color into their websites and promotional materials? And why do companies selling everything from cereal to sneakers go out of their way to include a token woman or person of color in their advertisements?\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eIn this groundbreaking book, Nancy Leong coins the term \"identity capitalist\" to label the powerful insiders who eke out social and economic value from people of color, women, LGBTQ people, the poor, and other outgroups. Leong deftly uncovers the rules that govern a system in which all Americans must survive: the identity marketplace. She contends that the national preoccupation with diversity has, counterintuitively, allowed identity capitalists to infiltrate the legal system, educational institutions, the workplace, and the media. Using examples from law to literature, from politics to pop culture, Leong takes readers on a journey through the hidden agendas and surprising incentives of various ingroup actors. She also uncovers a dire dilemma for outgroup members: do they play along and let their identity be used by others, or do they protest and risk the wrath of the powerful?\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eArming readers with the tools to recognize and mitigate the harms of exploitation, \u003ci\u003eIdentity Capitalists\u003c\/i\u003e reveals what happens when we prioritize diversity over equality.\u003c\/p\u003e\u003cbr\u003e\u003cbr\u003e\u003cb\u003eBinding Type:\u003c\/b\u003e Hardcover\u003cbr\u003e\u003cb\u003eAuthor:\u003c\/b\u003e Leong, Nancy\u003cbr\u003e\u003cb\u003ePublished:\u003c\/b\u003e 02\/09\/2021\u003cbr\u003e\u003cb\u003ePublisher:\u003c\/b\u003e Stanford University Press\u003cbr\u003e\u003cb\u003eISBN:\u003c\/b\u003e 9781503610132\u003cbr\u003e\u003cb\u003ePages:\u003c\/b\u003e 240","brand":"Nancy Leong","offers":[{"title":"Default Title","offer_id":32962868674635,"sku":"9781503610132","price":28.0,"currency_code":"USD","in_stock":true}],"thumbnail_url":"\/\/cdn.shopify.com\/s\/files\/1\/0021\/1697\/6715\/products\/img_22c4c781-795e-432d-8f67-0c76ff02d654.jpg?v=1605739654"},{"product_id":"municipal-liability-and-42-usc-1983-volume-1-9798610372044","title":"Municipal Liability and 42 U.S.C. § 1983: Volume 1","description":"THIS CASEBOOK contains a selection of U. S. Court of Appeals decisions that analyze and discuss issues surrounding municipal liability under 42 U.S.C.   1983. Volume 1 of the casebook covers the District of Columbia Circuit and the First through the Fifth Circuit Court of Appeals. * * * Although   1983 subjects only \"person s]\" to liability, 42 U.S.C.   1983, Monell established that \"a municipality  such as the City of New York] is a person within the meaning of Section 1983,\" Vives v. City of New York, 524 F.3d 346, 350 (2d Cir. 2008). To establish liability under Monell, a plaintiff must show that he suffered the denial of a constitutional right that was caused by an official municipal policy or custom. See Wray v. City of New York, 490 F.3d 189, 195 (2d Cir. 2007). * * * Monell liability attaches only where an infringement of constitutional rights is caused by a local government policy. See Outlaw v. Hartford, 884 F.3d 351, 372-73 (2d Cir. 2018). In searching for the proper local government that is subject to liability on a given Monell claim we look for \"those official or governmental bodies who speak with final policymaking authority ... concerning the action alleged to have caused the particular ... violation at issue.\" Jett v. Dallas Ind. Sch. Dist., 491 U.S. 701, 737, 109 S.Ct. 2702, 105 L.Ed.2d 598 (1989). Bellamy v. 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S. Court of Appeals decisions that analyze and discuss issues surrounding municipal liability under 42 U.S.C.   1983. Volume 2 of the casebook covers the Sixth through the Eleventh Circuit Court of Appeals. * * * The cause of action created by   1983 may be exercised only against a \"person who . . . causes to be subjected, any citizen of the United States or other person within the jurisdiction thereof to the deprivation of any rights, privileges, or immunities secured by the Constitution and laws.\" 42 U.S.C.   1983. The Supreme Court has interpreted the word \"person\" broadly, and certain polities, including municipalities, are considered persons for purposes of   1983 liability. Monell v. Dep't of Soc. Servs., 436 U.S. 658, 690, 98 S.Ct. 2018, 56 L.Ed.2d 611 (1978). * * * Although \"person\" has been given a wide meaning under   1983, when the person is a municipality, liability attaches only under a narrow set of circumstances: \"A municipality may not be held liable under   1983 on a respondeat superior theory-in other words, 'solely because it employs a tortfeasor.'\" D'Ambrosio v. Marino, 747 F.3d 378, 388-89 (6th Cir. 2014) (quoting Monell, 436 U.S. at 691, 98 S.Ct. 2018). Instead, a plaintiff must show that \"through its deliberate conduct, the municipality was the 'moving force' behind the injury alleged.\" Alman v. Reed, 703 F.3d 887, 903 (6th Cir. 2013) (quoting Bd. of Cty. Comm'rs v. Brown, 520 U.S. 397, 404, 117 S.Ct. 1382, 137 L.Ed.2d 626 (1997)). A plaintiff does this by showing that the municipality had a \"policy or custom\" that caused the violation of his rights. Monell, 436 U.S. at 694, 98 S.Ct. 2018.* * * There are four methods of showing the municipality had such a policy or custom: the plaintiff may prove \"(1) the existence of an illegal official policy or legislative enactment; (2) that an official with final decision making authority ratified illegal actions; (3) the existence of a policy of inadequate training or supervision; or (4) the existence of a custom of tolerance or acquiescence of federal rights violations.\" Burgess v. Fischer, 735 F.3d 462, 478 (6th Cir. 2013) (citation omitted). Jackson v. 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S. Court of Appeals decisions that analyze and discuss issues surrounding municipal liability under 42 U.S.C.   1983. * * * The cause of action created by   1983 may be exercised only against a \"person who . . . causes to be subjected, any citizen of the United States or other person within the jurisdiction thereof to the deprivation of any rights, privileges, or immunities secured by the Constitution and laws.\" 42 U.S.C.   1983. The Supreme Court has interpreted the word \"person\" broadly, and certain polities, including municipalities, are considered persons for purposes of   1983 liability. Monell v. Dep't of Soc. Servs., 436 U.S. 658, 690, 98 S.Ct. 2018, 56 L.Ed.2d 611 (1978). * * * Although \"person\" has been given a wide meaning under   1983, when the person is a municipality, liability attaches only under a narrow set of circumstances: \"A municipality may not be held liable under   1983 on a respondeat superior theory-in other words, 'solely because it employs a tortfeasor.'\" D'Ambrosio v. Marino, 747 F.3d 378, 388-89 (6th Cir. 2014) (quoting Monell, 436 U.S. at 691, 98 S.Ct. 2018). Instead, a plaintiff must show that \"through its deliberate conduct, the municipality was the 'moving force' behind the injury alleged.\" Alman v. Reed, 703 F.3d 887, 903 (6th Cir. 2013) (quoting Bd. of Cty. Comm'rs v. Brown, 520 U.S. 397, 404, 117 S.Ct. 1382, 137 L.Ed.2d 626 (1997)). A plaintiff does this by showing that the municipality had a \"policy or custom\" that caused the violation of his rights. Monell, 436 U.S. at 694, 98 S.Ct. 2018. * * * There are four methods of showing the municipality had such a policy or custom: the plaintiff may prove \"(1) the existence of an illegal official policy or legislative enactment; (2) that an official with final decision making authority ratified illegal actions; (3) the existence of a policy of inadequate training or supervision; or (4) the existence of a custom of tolerance or acquiescence of federal rights violations.\" Burgess v. Fischer, 735 F.3d 462, 478 (6th Cir. 2013) (citation omitted). Jackson v. 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S. Court of Appeals decisions that analyze, interpret and apply provisions of the Freedom of Information Act. Volume 1 of the casebook covers the District of Columbia Circuit and the First Circuit. * * * \"The FOIA was enacted to ensure public access to a wide range of government reports and information.\" Rural Housing Alliance v. United States Dep't of Agriculture, 498 F.2d 73, 76 (D.C. Cir. 1974). It \"was designed to pierce the veil of administrative secrecy and to open agency action to the light of public scrutiny.\" Citizens for Responsibility \u0026amp; Ethics in Washington (\"CREW\") v. Department of Justice, 746 F.3d 1082, 1088 (D.C. Cir. 2014) (quotation marks omitted).While transparency and government accountability are at the heart of FOIA's mandate, Congress exempted certain categories of records from disclosure to protect important governmental and private interests in confidentiality. . . . . The agency bears the burden of proving that an exemption applies. CREW, 746 F.3d at 1088.Even when an exemption applies, the agency is obligated to disclose \" a]ny reasonably segregable portion of a record\" after removing the exempt material and must note the \"amount of information deleted, and the exemption under which the deletion is made.\" 5 U.S.C.   552(b). Bartko v. 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It challenges the idea that many constitutional orders are facing permanent states of emergency due to the 'objective nature' of threats facing modern states today, arguing instead that the nature of a threat depends upon the subjective assessment of the decision-maker. In light of this, it further argues that robust judicial scrutiny and review of these decisions is required to ensure that the temporariness of the emergency is a legal question and that the validity of constitutional norms is not undermined by their perpetual suspension. It does this by way of a narrower conception of the rule of law than standard accounts in favour of judicial review of emergency powers in the literature, which tend to be based on the normative value of human rights. 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But over time human rights law has become increasingly infused with duties to mobilise criminal law towards protection and redress for violation of rights. These developments give rise to a whole host of questions concerning the precise parameters of coercive human rights, the rationale(s) that underpin them, and their effects and implications for victims, perpetrators, domestic legal systems, and for the theory and practice of human rights and criminal justice. This collection addresses these questions with a focus on the rich jurisprudence of the European Court of Human Rights (ECtHR). \u003cbr\u003e\u003cbr\u003eThe collection explores four interlocking themes surrounding the issue of coercive human rights: \u003cbr\u003e\u003cbr\u003eFirst, the key threads in the doctrine of the ECtHR on duties to mobilise the criminal law as a means of delivering human rights protection.\u003cbr\u003e \u003cbr\u003eSecondly, the factors that contribute to a readiness to demand coercive measures, including discrimination and vulnerability, and other key justificatory reasoning shaping the development of coercive human rights. \u003cbr\u003e\u003cbr\u003eThirdly, the most pressing challenges for the ECtHR's coercive duties doctrine, including: \u003cbr\u003e \u003cbr\u003e- how it relates to theories and rationales of criminalisation and criminal punishment; \u003cbr\u003e- its implications for the fundamental tenets of human rights law itself;\u003cbr\u003e- its relationship to transitional justice objectives; and \u003cbr\u003e- how (far) it coheres with the imperative of effective protection for persons in precarious or vulnerable situations.\u003cbr\u003e\u003cbr\u003eFourthly, the (prospective) evolution of the coercive human rights doctrine and its application within national jurisdictions.\u003cbr\u003e\u003cbr\u003e\u003cb\u003eBinding Type:\u003c\/b\u003e Hardcover\u003cbr\u003e\u003cb\u003eAuthor:\u003c\/b\u003e Lavrysen, Laurens\u003cbr\u003e\u003cb\u003ePublished:\u003c\/b\u003e 11\/12\/2020\u003cbr\u003e\u003cb\u003ePublisher:\u003c\/b\u003e Hart Publishing\u003cbr\u003e\u003cb\u003eISBN:\u003c\/b\u003e 9781509937875\u003cbr\u003e\u003cb\u003ePages:\u003c\/b\u003e 328\u003cbr\u003e\u003cb\u003eWeight:\u003c\/b\u003e 1.38lbs\u003cbr\u003e\u003cb\u003eSize:\u003c\/b\u003e 9.21h x 6.14w x 0.75d","brand":"Laurens Lavrysen","offers":[{"title":"Default Title","offer_id":32962904588363,"sku":"9781509937875","price":120.0,"currency_code":"USD","in_stock":true}],"thumbnail_url":"\/\/cdn.shopify.com\/s\/files\/1\/0021\/1697\/6715\/products\/img_2a03d83d-8d54-4489-903d-e059663d34d7.jpg?v=1605740676"},{"product_id":"hate-speech-and-human-rights-in-eastern-europe-legislating-for-divergent-values-9780367437848","title":"Hate Speech and Human Rights in Eastern Europe: Legislating for Divergent Values","description":"\u003cp\u003eHate Speech and Human Rights. 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